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Berengar II of Sulzbach
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Salian
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Aistulf
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Matilda of Tuscany
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Wrocław
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Frederick Barbarossa
Tuscany
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Worms, Germany
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Otto the Great
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Gotofredo da Castiglione
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Theodoric the Great
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Guy III of Spoleto
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Church and state in medieval Europe
Paschal II
Duchy of Carinthia
Boleslaus III of Poland
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Lothair II of Italy
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Louis VI of France
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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Elder House of Welf
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Matilda of England
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Adalbert I of Mainz
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Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia
Public domain
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Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
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Road to Canossa
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Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)
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Piacenza
Parma
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Deditio
Speyer
Aripert II
Antipope Clement III
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Judas Iscariot
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Norman conquest of southern Italy
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Metz
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Conrad IV of Germany
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Romagna
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